Climate Change Denial And Identity - 1848 Words

Dinan Guan Tom Hannan W 1PM Climate Change Denial and Identity Climate change is the long term shift in global climate patterns attributed mainly to the use of fossil fuels. Many people are aware of this issue, however, there has been an increase in the amount of people who deny climate change. 23 percent of Americans (compared to last year’s 16 percent) believe that climate change is not a problem (Atkin). To conclude that people do not accept cli ­mate change because they do not under ­stand it or need to be educated about it, is reasonable. However, I believe that it isn’t skepticism driving this denial. Rather, it is the phenomenon of reaffirming one’s identity. Instead of analyzing the evidence, it is intentionally interpreted in such a way as to maintain a pre-existing belief. Scientific evidence showing Earth’s climate change is abundant and profound. The shift our planet has experienced is so drastic that author and environmentalist Bill McKibben says we should give it a new name, such as â€Å"Eaarth (McKibben 2).† The title is familiar yet so very different. By burning fossil fuels, mankind has increased Earth’s temperature by â€Å"more than a degree and a half Fahrenheit (McKibben 3).† This rise in warmth is enough to prompt a â€Å"45 percent increase in thunderstorms (McKibben 3),† which is capable of producing violent amounts of rain and hail. More storms mean more lightning; in 2008, lightning in California triggered â€Å"1,700 different fires...burning a million acres andShow MoreRelatedIssues and Debate of Anthropogenic Climate Change763 Words   |  3 PagesIn the last few decades, the issue of anthropogenic climate change (ACC)—human caused climate change—has come to the forefront of public, political, and scientific awareness. There has been much debate regarding the legitimacy of ACC, despite an article from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration stating: Ninety-seven percent of climate scientists agree that climate-warming trends over the past century are very likely due to human activities, and most of the leading scientific organizationsRead MoreThe Planet : An Interconnected Ecological System974 Words   |  4 Pagessignifies that every action, whether significant or trivial, that an individual performs, influences nature and the future of the planet, possibly creating dire consequences that could impact future lives. Water and air pollution, deforestation and climate change threaten the future of the planet. Human activities, such as production and consumption, interact with environmental issues, depleting resources, raising greenhouse gas emissions, increasing CO2 levels, and leading the planet into a downwardRead More A Caribbean Legacy Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pages A Caribbean Legacy The notions of slavery, colonialism, and race are indelible aspects of Caribbean history. In order to fathom the current political, social, economic, and cultural climate of the Caribbean one must engage in a critical study and understanding of the impact slavery has had in modern day Caribbean societies. The modes and intricacies of modern day Caribbean societies are intimately related to the plantation systems of the colonial period, which welcomed the arrival of the largestRead MoreThe Value Of Ethical Conduct And Managing Diversity Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesprofit. Diversity refers to differences in people, such as ethnic background, personality, value system and belief, education, training, and work experience. Managing diversity involves handling these differences at work and making organizational changes that enable all people to perform up to their maximum potential. It is relevant to different stages of an employee life cycle in the company, such as recruitment, job assignment, performance review, and promotion. The benefits of managing diversityRead MoreTitle Vii Of The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Prohibiting Job Discrimination1141 Words   |  5 Pagesreceived the same judgments. Alternatively, Ragins and Cornwell (2001), found LGBT employees who reported experiencing workplace discrimination received fewer promotions than employees who did not report discrimination. Some individuals credited the denial of a promotion to the perception of workplace discrimination even if actual discrimination existed. Consequently, LGBT employees were less likely to disclose their sexual orientation when they reported experiencing or observing sexual orientationRead MoreThe Effects of Poverty upon Crime and Disorder 1516 Words   |  6 Pagesthe privatisation and closure of industry in Britain and de-politicizing the trade unions forever changed the cultural landscape of working class Britain (Hall 1997). There was a huge change in the employment market from the heavy industrial economy to the service i ndustry. Those who were unwilling or unable to change and meet the demands of this new service industry were left unemployed and no longer had a political voice in the form of a trade union (Hall 1997). Thatcher and other neo liberal commentatorsRead MoreHow Technology Has Developed The Business Strategy And Production Level2343 Words   |  10 Pagesfor cyber security to be very effective for solid protections on the web. The following activities have evolved well with the help of network technology in the last two decades. TV network and home theater, Home temperature settings and security, climate control, and online transaction have all been changed over to electronics systems and availability and are case of how our general public has now ended up organized. For instance, to exchange cash starting with one financial balance, then onto theRead MoreEconomic, Environmental, And Social Repercussions Of Climate Change In Canada1798 Words   |  8 PagesSome context can now be put forth so as to inform readers about what is really going on in Alberta. Albertans are in the infancy of the potentially massive economic, environmental, and social repercussions of climate change. The province just felt its hottest year on record (CITE) and is heading into unknown territory. Into the bargain, Alberta is just getting over one of its worst economic bust cycles that it has ever witnessed. The price of oil has fa llen FIND THIS OUT 2014-2015. This has had aRead MoreProviding Support to Transgender Students On Campus Essay1938 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch conducted reveals a poor climate on campuses for transgender students. A significant amount of information published regarding transgender student inclusion discusses strategies colleges and universities can utilize to improve campus climate for students. Few studies have been conducted to verify improvements a campus makes to accommodate transgender students. The literature presented discusses the experiences of transgender students coming out, the climate on campus, and ways colleges andRead MoreThe Awakening and A Doll House Comparison Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagesand their supposed roles. Rebelling against societal norms, Edna finally learns to think of herself as an independent woman. One of her most shocking actions was her denial of her role as a mother and wife. She leaves her husband, Leà ³nce and has an affair with Robert. Due to Roberts constant presence, Edna starts to experience a change within herself. She begins to develop a sense of herself as a whole person. She realizes that she is not satisfied to simply be a wife and a mother, and so she begins

Ethics and Archer Daniels Midland - 646 Words

4. Consider the bill that Representative Engle and Senator Harkin attempted to enact into a law, but which never became a law because of the lobbying efforts of the chocolate companies. What does this incident show about the view that â€Å"to be ethical it is enough for business people to follow the law â€Å"? Human trafficking and child abuse are major problems along the west coast of Africa. Cocoa plantations are so notorious for the use of forced child labor (and forced adult labor) that U.S. Representative Eliot Engel and Senator Tom Harkin created a protocol to end child slavery and initiate labeling for products that are produced â€Å"slave free.† A joint committee was formed and called the International Cocoa Initiative, with the aim to have a†¦show more content†¦What do we mean? Look at the words independent of the definition, and consider how each person creates his or her own ethical boundaries. Besides, moral principles were clearly differing from person to person; wars are predicated on these notions. For the philosophy it is a belief system or theory. Right and wrong about anyone with an opinion can attest to the disparities between two or more people in this arena. In term of motives, one person might differ from circumstance to circumstance. The Consequences are often based on a fear of negative ramifications established through ones religious or philosophical beliefs and/or the norms, mores and rules of one’s community. So, from where we stand, it’s a very persona definition about the knowledge of which helps define the choices we make, the goals we achieve and the path our lives take. The shapes of our view of ethics are from everything. Our experiences (or lack of), peers, religious beliefs, edicts from a power we deem higher than ourselves. For example, international law or a Supreme Consciousness which people to whom we are exposed, for better or worse, and our decision to seek out models of ethical behaviour are all examples of how we shape our ethical portfolios. In conclusion, Ethics is a specialized study of moral right and wrong. It concentrates on moral standards asShow MoreRelatedInternal Auditing : Corporate Fraud, Greed For Power, Money, And Influence1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this research is to provide a summary outline on internal auditing by uncovering motives behind corporate fraud, executives greed for power, money and influence. These issues will include a transitory story of the Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) scandal which results in fraudulent corporate practices using the fixed pricing scheme. If internal auditing practices were implemented at ADM may have saved investors and customers millions of dollars. This topic shifts to company responsibilitiesRead MoreMy Father Has The Most Interesting Story932 Words   |  4 Pagesrestaurant before joining the military. In regards to this class in general, and organized labor in particular, my grandfather has the most interesting story. My grandfather became a union member for the first time in 1951 when he began working for Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM), a petrochemical company. He began as a member of a labor crew and gradually moved up to operating the refining systems that converted oils into paint base. In his third year at ADM, one of the union members was fired for drinking onRead MoreWhistle-Blowing In The Workplace Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesin the workplace: Do we stand by and allow business corruption as usual or prepare to take a fall for something? It sometimes requires uncommon courage, as whistle-blowing in the workplace is not so easy to do. What motivates you? Is it revenge, ethics or a combination? To take a closer look, let’s consider what is whistle blowing and explore a few conditions used to justify whistle-blowing, and concluded with how companies can benefit from a whistle-blowing policy. What is a whistle-blowerRead MoreAcademia Barilla vs. Elbulli Strategic Mgmt Analysis4327 Words   |  18 Pagesreputation offered to Academia Barilla even the opportunity to occupy the big market share of the Italian fake foods in the United States. But the cultural identification with Italy could even resolve in a threat because adverse social, political, ethic and morale issues on Italy could affect Academia’s image and reputation. Academia’s points of strength are also related to its complete integration with the overall group strategies and goals. This gives Academia the opportunity to utilize theRead MoreCadbury an Ethical Company Struggles to Insure the Integrity of Its Supply Chain9806 Words   |  40 Pagesthe continent. Numerous Europeans further developed chocolate manufacture. In 1828, a Dutch chocolate maker, C.J. Van Houten, invented the cocoa press that helped reduce the price of chocolate and bring it to the masses. In 1876, a Swiss man named Daniel Peter working in his friend Henry Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s baby-food factory discovered a method of combining chocolate with milk to produce milk chocolate. In 1879, Rodolphe Lindt of Switzerland, produced chocolate that melted on the tongue by inventing â€Å"conchingRead MoreAcademia Barilla vs. Elbulli Strategic Mgmt Analysis4334 Words   |  18 Pagesreputation offered to Academia Barilla even the opportunity to occupy the big market share of th e Italian fake foods in the United States. But the cultural identification with Italy could even resolve in a threat because adverse social, political, ethic and morale issues on Italy could affect Academia’s image and reputation. Academia’s points of strength are also related to its complete integration with the overall group strategies and goals. This gives Academia the opportunity to utilize the managerialRead MoreCadbury an Ethical Company Struggles to Insure the Integrity of Its Supply Chain9818 Words   |  40 Pagesthe continent. Numerous Europeans further developed chocolate manufacture. In 1828, a Dutch chocolate maker, C.J. Van Houten, invented the cocoa press that helped reduce the price of chocolate and bring it to the masses. In 1876, a Swiss man named Daniel Peter working in his friend Henry Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s baby-food factory discovered a method of combining chocolate with milk to produce milk chocolate. In 1879, Rodolphe Lindt of Switzerland, produced chocolate that melted on the tongue by inventing â€Å"conchingRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Global Economy10535 Words   |  43 Pages6433ch10.qxd_lb 10/19/06 10:43 AM Page 260 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES ââ€"† CHAPTER 10 Business Ethics in a Global Economy CHAPTER OUTLINE Ethical Perceptions and International Business Culture as a Factor in Business Adapting Ethical Systems to a Global Framework Global Values The Multinational Corporation Sexual and Racial Discrimination Human Rights Price Discrimination Bribery Harmful Products Pollution and the Natural Environment Telecommunications Issues Intellectual-Property Protection WorldRead MoreTech. Entrepreneur Essay8417 Words   |  34 Pagespeople who looked like they might be productive in developing new types of adhesives. In the course of that Polymers for Adhesives research program, which went on for four years, Silver found out about a new family of monomers developed by Archer-Daniels Midland, Inc., which he thought contained potential as ingredients for polymer-based adhesives. He received a number of samples from ADM and began to work with them. This was an open-ended research effort, and Silvers acquisition of the new monomersRead MoreBohlander/Snell-Managing Hr24425 Words   |  98 PagesReso urces, 14e, Bohlander/Snell -  © 2007 Thomson South-Western CHAPTER 15 International Human Resources Management 645 Figure 15.3 Cultural Environment of International Business EDUCATION/ HUMAN CAPITAL †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ VALUES/IDEOLOGIES †¢ Work ethic †¢ Time orientation †¢ Individualism/ collectivism †¢ Risk propensity †¢ Achievement Primary/secondary Vocational Professional Literacy †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ SOCIAL STRUCTURE Kinship/family Mobility Nationalism Urbanization Social stratification Paternalism/

Economy And The Profession And Should Be Severely Restricted

Question: What Is the Economy and the Profession and Why Be Severely Restricted? Answer: Introducation: Outsourcing is a phrase used to illustrate practically whichever business interest that is operated by an external supplier, starting from the managing of the firm's restaurant to the delivery of messenger services. It is most frequently tapped, though, to pertain to the transferal of the running of a corporations computer amenities to an external vendor. This handover of administration obligation is often supplemented by a transference from the purchaser of the subcontracting service to the seller of the expert in-house personnel who is now doing the task. While outsourcing IT was a tendency in the 1990s, it is not a recent occurrence. For instance, systems creation has been obtained from exterior sources via software firms or application bundles for numerous years. Significant services running agreements in the 1980s indicated a well-timed conjunction of demand and supply components (Erber and Sayed-Ahmed 2005). Also, prominent merchants offered service administration and additiona l subcontracting facilities. Also, supervisors who were weary of IS economic evolution yearly and occasionally vague commercial profits perceived an opening to cut IT expenses, downscale the IS purpose, and do to IT whatever they were executing in other areas of the venture, outsource. The declaration of two apparently radical outsourcing agreements at General Dynamics and Eastman Kodak could have offered the organizations the assurance to undertake IT subcontracting on a larger scale, and the subject was founded on business plans (Rouse and Corbitt 2004). The aims of outsourcing are expenditure reduction; a wish to concentrate on the company, not just IT or on central systems, not on the entire application folder; or outsourcing duties for maintaining and operating legacy structures. Whatsoever the goal, the likelihood of subcontracting tends to create fervent sentiments amongst both IS specialists and bosses. Therefore, exploration of the realities and myths of subcontracting has been trailed by how to do it works that purposes to aid corporations to apply outsourcing, not merely in overseeing contracts and relations rationally but similarly in what way to choose sourcing choices. These recommendations assist both the businesses which are fearless leaders of IT subcontracting and individuals that believe they must outsource and would welcome procedures on staying discerning (Lacity Khan and Willcocks 2009). This paper will focus on any risks and advantages of offshore outsourcing of IT then come to a decision whether or not it is bes t for the IT profession and also for the economy as a whole. First, we will cover risks. Inexperienced workforce. One reason for subcontracting is that expert IT firms probably will have abler IT professionals. Although this could be true, comparatively new IT companies do not automatically have both the highest know-how or rock-hard skill. It is a risk that whatever job that you have given out to other businesses outside the country will be done by personnel who have no knowledge of the happenings and working on IT projects. Astute personnel rules may assist to lessen various hazards at the period a subcontracting agreement is endorsed. Though talented IT employees are infrequent, and there is a gamble that the client business to continue or find other experts (Carmel and Agarwal 2006). Out-of-date technology abilities. Sometimes the companies that are given the outsourcing contracts put to use outdated tech that is not current with the developments in the world. Hence the IT projects will be done with low-quality equipment hence affecting the outcome in the end. It will lead to the production of inferior results that do not meet the clients expectations (Djavanshir 2005). Hidden costs. Sometimes, these businesses that do these outsourcing IT contracts have extra expenses that are not expected by the customers to cover the services rendered. Hence it will add on the costs. There are two propensities, though, which are of apprehension. First, businesses underrate the setup expenses, comprising redistribution fees, transfer expenses, and long-running handoff or analogous operating cost. Next, corporations could undervalue administration expenses at the outsourcing centers (Overby 2003). The absence of company learning, much education about the competence of IT is experimental. Businesses are likely to be taught to run IT by performing; they do not value the difficulties until they have undergone them. Hence if these duties are outsourced the workers of the company will miss the opportunity to learn about the IT innovations. Thus they will lose the know how to solve problems that may arise in IT. The business learning experience, though, turns out to be more essential in the applications sphere (Winkler Dibbern and Heinzl 2008). Administration inclines to learn the importance of IT infrastructure by utilizing them and establishing additional openings for growth. Numerous so-called tactical information systems were uncovered in a developmental manner. For instance, various carrier booking systems started as mechanization undertakings to salvage secretarial expensed then they were perceived as stock optimization structures and electronic delivery systems. Hence the sys temic scope of infrastructure frequently develops as operators discover what is achievable and as the company setting and wants to evolve (Nakatsu and Iacovou 2009). Losing innovative capabilities. In the end, a business needs to uphold creative ability in IT since there shall be contemporary methods of offering IT services and of using IT for the company. If the firm has subcontracted IT services and retrenched also, its capability to innovate could be reduced. Innovation requires slack supplies, fluid and organic company procedures, and tentative and business skills which are all qualities that outsourcing does not assure(Nakatsu and Iacovou 2009). It also risks to the privacy of data. As most IT companies handle sensitive client data, their privacy may be compromised when they use external offshore sources to manipulate and manage projects that are assigned. The more the amount of delicate information a third party supervises and the further regularly they operate it, the more the danger that the privacy of that info will be threatened. It also leads to threats to company continuity. When things occur to one part of the business that has been outsourced, and it stops the operation of this section of the company it will affect the continuing of the firm. It will affect how it will run as IT is an essential part of running of companies (Raiborn Butler and Massoud 2009). There also may be compliance dangers. Should noncompliance of IT regulations be noticed, it will cause problems to the business. It may occur because the places where the IT department has been sourced has a different rule on IT to be followed hence the products will not follow the norms of the host country. Watchdogs hold companies answerable for doing the necessary requirements before they source offshore, to ensure that outside service suppliers have the right employees, procedures, regulations and tech in place to efficiently performs its duties (Di Gregorio Musteen and Thomas 2009). Some IT roles are not just outsourced. IT touches a whole company; starting from the essential tasks workers perform daily to the complicated mechanical features. Ensure that the third party is competent to fulfill your wishes. Also, the control of the IT duties and employees may be forlorn. Opponents claim that a foreign supplier will not be as effectual as a full-time employee who is underneath the similar administration as other workers. Additional apprehensions include privacy of information and tragedy recovery. Though, a manager that is conversant in handling an IT team member will typically be needed (Bhagwati Panagariya and Srinivasan 2004). Worker optimism may be influenced. It is expressly spot-on if you shall be firing employees to substitute their work duties with an outsourced company. Other personnel might speculate if their job is in danger, too. Also because of loss of employment in the country due to sourcing out work, it will lead to a dropping economy as people will not have enough funds to survive. It will occur due to many people being unemployed. Also since these factories and offices are being moved offshore, it will reduce revenue earned in the country hence affecting the company (Lacity and Rottman 2009). Some of the benefits of offshore outsourcing of it include Access to the newest and best in tech. You might have observed how quickly hardware and software become phased out in this business. How is one worker going to remain updated with the whole thing? Outsourcing provides you the advantage of there being a lot of IT experts. And as it's the central capability of the business, they may provide you with useful guidance to place your IT money to profit you. It also ensures cost savings. Subcontracting your IT amenities offers monetary remunerations like leaner operating cost, wholesale buying and renting choices for software and hardware, and software certificates, also the possible observance of government guidelines (Raiborn Butler and Massoud 2009). You will have a high quality of the workforce. As it's their primary ability, outsourced IT suppliers want to employee personnel with precise experiences and accreditations. You might not recognize whatever to search for when you are employing an individual to be on team full-time, hence you could hire the erroneous individual for the occupation. It also ensures flexibility for the business and profession. Sellers have numerous resources accessible to them, while in-house workers could have inadequate capabilities and resources (Khan Niazi and Ahmad 2009, July). Burnout reduction and work security for steady workers. Utilizing a subcontracted IT corporation eliminates the load from your workforce who have seized on a lot more than they were employed for since "someone needs to do it." You shall create an improved rapport with your workers if you allow them to do whatever they do perfect and anything they were employed to do (Oshri Kotlarsky and Willcocks 2007). It can aid in developing your in-house employees. When outsourcing is well managed, it will allow for good developing of in-house employees. Suppliers can be utilized to off-load less stimulating commodity or lifeline work or to run peak capacities. It ditches staff leaving them unrestricted to chase new, progressive changes. On the other hand, service providers should under no circumstance be utilized to do new, development-oriented duties as the in-house staff is left with old work. It would refute staff studying chances while creating reliance on the supplier (Shao and David 2007). Even worse, it directs a communication to workers that the business is not keen to capitalize on their expertise development. Vendors and consultants may be utilized to bring in contemporary concepts and to educate in-house employees. It may be beneficial to differentiate two expressions: Outside experts move their methods and skills to adjust workers efficiency; they teach employees, frequently while e mployed jointly on actual projects. They could be utilized by anybody when admissible, as the profits are long-lasting. By distinction, contractors just do duties instead of employees (Mankiw and Swagel 2006). In conclusion, now as you have observed the rewards and risks related to outsourcing offshore the IT services of your company to the profession and economy, there is a lot to contemplate on. Whether you decide to subcontract overseas or hire in-house, one thing is clear; you should be knowledgeable on how to oversee substantial operational relations with your IT vendors. Thus, in my opinion, it is a risk worth taking to outsource offshore IT services as it will benefit the IT profession and the economy in the long run References Bhagwati, J., Panagariya, A. and Srinivasan, T.N., 2004. The muddles over outsourcing.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,18(4), pp.93-114. Carmel, E. and Agarwal, R., 2006. The maturation of offshore sourcing of information technology work. InInformation systems outsourcing(pp. 631-650). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Djavanshir, G.R., 2005. Surveying the risks and benefits of IT outsourcing.IT professional,7(6), pp.32-37. Di Gregorio, D., Musteen, M. and Thomas, D.E., 2009. Offshore outsourcing as a source of international competitiveness for SMEs.Journal of International Business Studies,40(6), pp.969-988. Erber*, G. and Sayed-Ahmed**, A., 2005. Offshore outsourcing.Intereconomics,40(2), pp.100-112. Khan, S.U., Niazi, M. and Ahmad, R., 2009, July. Critical success factors for offshore software development outsourcing vendors: A systematic literature review. InGlobal Software Engineering, 2009. ICGSE 2009. Fourth IEEE International Conference on(pp. 207-216). IEEE. Lacity, M.C., Khan, S.A. and Willcocks, L.P., 2009. A review of the IT outsourcing literature: Insights for practice.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,18(3), pp.130-146. Lacity, M.C. and Rottman, J.W., 2009. Effects of offshore outsourcing of information technology work on client project management.Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal,2(1), pp.4-26. Mankiw, N.G. and Swagel, P., 2006. The politics and economics of offshore outsourcing.Journal of monetary Economics,53(5), pp.1027-1056. Nakatsu, R.T. and Iacovou, C.L., 2009. A comparative study of important risk factors involved in offshore and domestic outsourcing of software development projects: A two-panel Delphi study.Information Management,46(1), pp.57-68. Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J. and Willcocks, L., 2007. Managing dispersed expertise in IT offshore outsourcing: Lessons from Tata Consultancy Services.MIS Quarterly Executive,6(2). Overby, S., 2003. The hidden costs of offshore outsourcing.CIO-FRAMINGHAM MA-,16(22), pp.60-66. Raiborn, C.A., Butler, J.B. and Massoud, M.F., 2009. Outsourcing support functions: Identifying and managing the good, the bad, and the ugly.Business Horizons,52(4), pp.347-356. Rouse, A. and Corbitt, B., 2004. IT-supported business process outsourcing (BPO): The good, the bad and the ugly.PACIS 2004 Proceedings, p.126. Shao, B. and David, J.S., 2007. The impact of offshore outsourcing on IT workers in developed countries.Communications of the ACM,50(2), pp.89-94. Winkler, J.K., Dibbern, J. and Heinzl, A., 2008. The impact of cultural differences in offshore outsourcingCase study results from GermanIndian application development projects.Information Systems Frontiers,10(2),

There is no Such Thing as the Essential Nature of Man free essay sample

What Is a human Identity, why do we have an urge to separate ourselves from animals and seek Individualism as a species? Is there such a thing as an essential nature of man? In order to determine this, we must first define what an essential nature is. The dictionary defines nature as: 1. The material world and its phenomena. 2. The forces and processes that produce and control all the phenomena of the material world: the laws of nature. 3. The world of living things and the outdoors: the beauties of nature. . A primitive state of existence untouched and uninfluenced by civilization or artificiality. 5. Theology. Humankinds natural state as distinguished from the state of grace. 6. A kind or sort: confidences off personal nature. 7. The essential characteristics and qualities off person or thing: 8. The fundamental character or disposition of a person; temperament: 9. The natural or real aspect of a person. Place, or thing. 10. The processes and functions of the body. We will write a custom essay sample on There is no Such Thing as the Essential Nature of Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The dictionary continues to define essential as: 1.Constituting or being part of the essence of something; inherent. 2. Basic or indispensable, necessary: essential ingredients. When combined, they allow us to define an essential nature as the fundamental characteristics shared by all humans; they are inherent in all man, and not shared by the animal kingdom. In the past, such a question was considered heresy. There was a clear-cut difference between men and animals and everyone accepted It. The mall belief at the time was imposed by one culture, that of the Western Christian culture.The views of this culture were very religious, everyone believed in God, and believed that we were put on the earth by him. The Church enforced theses opinions strictly, and people who criticized these beliefs were considered heretics, and faced serious opposition, and risked execution. However scientific developments and new understandings of the world around us lead to the diminish of Religion as the main power, as they lost their grip on peoples beliefs, people now had a choice, not Just religion, they could choose what they believed in. ND with these new scientific developments came new theories and new Ideas for people to believe In. The most famous of all these theories Is Darnings Evolutionary Theory. However, when It was first published, he faced great public out cry, although Religion had lost Its dominating control over society, it was still important to the significant majority of blasphemous, thousands of people still bought the book, showing peoples urge to learn about them, and his book, the the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was sold out very quickly.As times and social tr aditions changed, it became increasingly easier to exert ones own opinions, even if they differed from the ones held by the Church, and changes in attitude changed so that it became easier to Ritchie the held beliefs of the day, so much so that now, everyone is entitled to their own opinion. One fundamental reason why we, as contemporary man, find it so easy to question religious beliefs and deny a nature of man, and our predecessors could not is because our societies and ways of thinking have changed. Before, people accepted the bible and everything that it contained as the truth, and they had faith that it was true. They also had very theoretical beliefs, such as the belief in spirits, ghosts, good and bad luck, and some very strange superstitions. This is because they had no scientific explanations for the world, and made up their own, which to them seemed perfectly sensible, but to us, form a better-informed viewpoint, seem unreasonable. Today however, we are empiricists live in an empirical society, our beliefs are based on what our senses tell us.A table exists because I can see it, smell it, taste it, if I hit it I can hear it. To us, a nature of man is hard to believe, there is nothing to grasp, nothing we can hold up and say that this proves a nature of man exists. For this reason it requires a leap of faith, it will be difficult to ever prove, there are no experiments or such that we can cite as evidence. So, is there anything that can set us apart from animals? The first and most obvious concern raised when questioning the separation of man from animals is our common ancestry.In terms of evolution, all animals, and humans descended from one single ancestor. This would seem to imply that animals and we are related, at least by out ancestry, meaning that we would share many of our characteristics with them, meaning that there could not be an essential nature of man, because, we are animals. Another, very similar topic is the question of genetics. This raises several implications, it can be an argument for and against for an essential nature.Genetics tell us that our DNA is remarkably similar to that of all animals, it is merely slightly more complex, and there are very small differences between us and certain animals, such as the primates, suggesting that our nature is also analogous to that of animals. On the other hand though, it does separate us from the animals, a clear distinctio n on a genetic level proving us to be different from animals, at least in terms of number of chromosomes, we have more chromosomes than any other animal, we are efferent in this respect, meaning, that if our nature is related to our genes, then it is indeed specific only to us. This does however raise the question of genetic modification, if we become able to modify our genes, does make us any more or less off human. As far as we know, animals do not have a culture. They do not practice art, music, and sport or even read or write. We, as humans, consider ourselves to be incredibly practice such arts and leisure activities at no gain to ourselves, except personal pleasure, they are not required for survival and yet we partake in them. This is another way in which we attempt to separate ourselves from animals, claiming that they have little or no culture.If this were true, it would be a defining characteristic, but this is not necessarily true. Different groups of animals do appear to behave in different ways from others, and although some aspects of culture such as architecture are not mirrored in the animal world such as architecture, others such as singing are. One could argue that bird song is Just to attract the attention of a mate of to warn others of danger, and the same with whale song, however, there eve been recorded instances where whales and birds have Sung not out of survival necessity, but seemingly for pleasure.There are other problems with culture being an inert nature of man. The first is that culture is constantly changing, trends in art and literature change, and so do almost every other aspect of the various cultures, such as music, architecture and sports. This means that they cannot possibly be inert, if they change so readily. Still, if culture was an inert characteristic, then does that mean that a well cultured man from one era is more less of a man than another well cultured man from another, efferent era? For this reason it seems illogical that culture is built into to us as an essential characteristic.This is although shown through in the various cultures of the world. If culture is built into us, why are there so many different cultures, with incredibly different beliefs? Surely if culture was inert, an uncontrollable feature of humanity, then all culture would be the same. It is my opinion that everyone is culturally conditioned; this is the debate over nurture or nature. If we are born with certain beliefs, or are they taught to us by parents, family, and society in general. Does this mean that one culture is wrong, simply because another exists with opposing, contradictory beliefs?This leads me to the conclusion that culture is not an inert characteristic; it is a fabrication of humans. We as humans require a sense of identity, and when groups of people get together, of like opinion, these opinions are emphasized, only certain sorts of music are listen to, only certain forms of religion is practiced, until eventually everyone in the group believes them, and at least one or two idea differ from other groups, thus the group has an identity, and can be seen as being different from all the other groups.This means that a new born baby has know preconceptions, they are not born with any knowledge of culture and that everything that baby will do in later l ife is determined by the way it is brought up. Humans share many common features such as hunter gather instinct. We all seem to have urges and instincts, such as the urge to procreate and to survive, and we are able to express this. Though this does not prove that there is a nature of man, jus that men are identical to each other and share similar characteristics.In fact, it seems to show that we are more like animals than we presume, with all of humanity paving these built in instincts, so very similar to the instincts of animals. But we also seek pleasure from things that are not required for survival, such as sexual gratification, and as mentioned earlier, the arts. The invention of contraceptive seems tendencies, though the majority of people do give into the procreative urge and have a family.This ability of being able to go beyond our instinctual way of thinking definitely seems to separate us from the animals, who follow their seemingly natural programming of survival, protecting himself, and his genes. That is to say, an animal, such as a lion, has the prime drive to keep itself and its offspring alive, so that its genes can be passed on. Merely being able to ignore our instincts shows that we are able to think on a different level. We can take things into perspective, and look at them from an intellectual point of view.One example of this is self-sacrifice. Humans will often put themselves at risk for a complete stranger, for example, the fire services. For now personal gain they put their lives on the line to save people they have never even met. Furthermore, our thinking goes even further beyond ration thought and decision- asking skills we have a sense of humor, something that we is believed animals are incapable of. We have diplomacy discussions, to prevent the need for warfare, which Hobbes would have us believe is an essential nature of man.We are able to reflect on our action, we are able not only to remember, but to put it into context, and have a much faster rate of learning, though animals are obviously able to learn, such as dog can be taught tricks. Our language skill require a much higher level of intellect than is available to animals, and we have formal structured languages, which do not only reform basic communications, such as the bird call, or a dogs bark, but is used for a plethora of reasons, from idle conversation, to complex debate.Our intellect gives us our morals and allows us to make moral Judgments, a characteristic apparently lacking in animals, partly because morals are a human construction. But more so, we are able to partake in Abstract thought, possibly the key difference between animals and man. We can perform tasks that require Thinking outside of the box so to speak, such as mathematical work, the sciences, in fact any school subject, especially philosophy. The fact that we are able to question our existence is very important; it seems unlikely that an animal would be capable of such existential thought.This is the key to our differences from animals, it is not our physical appearance that sets us apart fr om animals, and provides an essential nature of man, but rather our mind. Our essential nature is not in our physical make up, were we trying to merely define physical and biological differences between man and animals I would ask a biologist. Although our appearance is important, it is the most noticeable difference of humans and animals, and the question of genetics goes raise important implications, it is not physical appearance that makes us what we are, it is how we think.The problem with using our intelligence as our defining characteristic is that it is not only present in humans, all creature have some degree of intelligence, whether it being a plant turning to face the sun, or a primate using a stick to get insects out of a rotten trunk. Ergo, our intelligence is not something special; it is merely a more idea of being more complicated enough to Justify humans being different, distinctive from the animal world. Is our level of intelligence so much greater that it is qualitatively different?This is a problem faced with most of our defining characteristics. Our law systems are merely more complicated versions of animal hierarchy, our language is simply a more complicated version of those used by animals and our war fare, Just more complicated versions of territory seizing, a lust for power. But can the debate go beyond the empirical examples given, is the evidence limited to scientific observed phenomenon, or can we make rational Judgments, it is a debate between rationalism and empiricism.In my opinion, it is too complicated to delve into the rational beliefs, it is easier to define man and whether or not he has an essential tauter using empirical measures, simply because it is easier to believe given the evidence. At the start of this essay, defined an essential nature of man, as the fundamental the animal kingdom. If too narrow a definition is made for human nature, we exclude humans, for example the elderly, the young, the handicapped. On the other hand, if we make the definition to broad, we may include animals in our human species, or perhaps in the future, robots.There is also the problem that by giving human nature a definition, we will neglect any future humans. For example, if I sit on a bridge and watch a red car go past, and he next car that goes past is red, and the next car is too red, and every single car I see for thousands of cars is red, this does not mean that the next car I see will be red. It only shows that the probability is remarkably high, so high that begins to be logical to state that the next car would be red, and that in fact all cars were red.However, if one day a blue car went past that was blue, it would ruin my theory. The same is true for defining human nature, we neglect that fact that a person maybe be born in the future who does not show any of the characteristics that make hem human, does this therefore mean that they are not human? Everything about us seems to suggest that there are no substantial differences between animals, and us in effect we are complicated animals.This is shown by the fact we evolved from similar ancestors, we share similar genes and we share similar characteristics. The idea that we are different is not plausible, the idea of being qualitatively different is Just humans trying to distance ourselves from our roots, we are animals, we are Just animals that live in house, eat food from plates and wear clothes. We speak using complicate language and live in a society with complicated ales, set by a higher power, in our case, the government.Our Dissenting nature is Just characteristics that show through in the majority of humans, unless a person has been robbed by natural d eformity, human intervention or by any other phenomenon. Although not essential in the means that every one has humans and specific behavior, such as greed and lust. It would be impossible to say that everyone has these characteristics, and it is worthless to, for it can never be proved that everyone will have them. In this sense, there cannot ever be an essential nature to man.