Compare and Contrast Cost Estimating Techniques

The two sorts of cost assessing methods that I am going to thoroughly analyze are parametric techniques applied to explicit undertakings and stage evaluating. These two strategies are a piece of base up approaches yet apply forms from top-down methodologies. The two of them use strategies that consider assessing ventures by separating into areas. In examination the parametric methods separates the undertakings into explicit assignments and the stage estimation separates the ventures in a period line.Parametric methodology applied to explicit errands parts a venture into segments and add work and materials expected to choose the expense of an activities errands. For instance to evaluate the decorating remittance on a house redesign, the temporary worker calculated an expense of $5 per square yard of a backdrop and $2 per yard of introduce it for an absolute expense of $7. By estimating the length and stature of the considerable number of dividers she had the option to compute the comp lete zone in square yards and duplicate it by $7. (Larson and Gray, 2011)Phase evaluating is utilized when an abnormal measure of vulnerability encompasses a task and it is unreasonable to assess times and cost for the whole undertaking. Stage assessing utilizes a two-gauge framework over the life of the task. An itemized gauge is produced for the quick stage and a large scale gauge is made for the rest of the periods of the venture. (Larson and Gray, 2011) In my assessment, parametric techniques applied to explicit assignments is a greatly improved methodology. This methodology considers the undertaking supervisor to get ready for the venture by errands to be completed.Time the executives, regard for subtleties, and correspondence is significant in the methodology. Despite the fact that, this methodology is a piece tedious it permits all gatherings associated with the finish of the venture to be responsible for shares earlier undertakings being begun. In spite of the fact that the stage assessing approach consider arranging an undertaking in various time spans, lamentably the client will need an exact gauge of timetable and cost the second the choice is made to execute the venture.

Questionnaires for dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Polls for thesis - Essay Example .......................................................................................................................... Why?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Why?........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Why?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Why?........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Why?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Explain........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Why?.................................................................................................................................................................................................

Ewell, Richard Stoddert

Ewell, Richard Stoddert Ewell, Richard Stoddert, 1817â€"72, Confederate general, b. Georgetown, D.C., grad. West Point, 1840. Ewell rose rapidly in the Confederate army, becoming a major general by Oct., 1861. In 1862 he fought under T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley campaign, playing a decisive role at Winchester, Cross Keys, and Port Republic . He continued in Stonewall's command through the Seven Days battles and Lee's subsequent advance on Pope but lost his leg in the second battle of Bull Run (Aug., 1862). Upon his return to duty, Ewell succeeded the late Stonewall Jackson as commander of the 2d Corps and led Lee's advance in the Gettysburg campaign . During the Wilderness campaign (1864) he sustained further injury and was forced to retire from the field but commanded the defenses of Richmond until the city fell in Apr., 1865. See D. S. Freeman, Lee's Lieutenants (3 vol., 1942â€"44). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Pr ess. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Ewell, Richard Stoddert

Ewell, Richard Stoddert Ewell, Richard Stoddert, 1817â€"72, Confederate general, b. Georgetown, D.C., grad. West Point, 1840. Ewell rose rapidly in the Confederate army, becoming a major general by Oct., 1861. In 1862 he fought under T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley campaign, playing a decisive role at Winchester, Cross Keys, and Port Republic . He continued in Stonewall's command through the Seven Days battles and Lee's subsequent advance on Pope but lost his leg in the second battle of Bull Run (Aug., 1862). Upon his return to duty, Ewell succeeded the late Stonewall Jackson as commander of the 2d Corps and led Lee's advance in the Gettysburg campaign . During the Wilderness campaign (1864) he sustained further injury and was forced to retire from the field but commanded the defenses of Richmond until the city fell in Apr., 1865. See D. S. Freeman, Lee's Lieutenants (3 vol., 1942â€"44). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Pr ess. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Hilcrest Auto Case Essay - 976 Words

Hilcrest Auto The Importance of Quality Issues Hilcrest Auto is a manufacturing company specialized in producing specific parts for automobile assemblers. Hilcrest Auto is currently facing quality control issues, possibly leading to financial issues or threats of losing future contracts. Quality control has been an essential concern for most manufacturing industry. Low-quality control in the manufacturing process could increase the cost of good manufacturing and returns from customers. However, quality control is especially critical in the automotive supply industry. One reason is that there are only limited numbers of consumer firms dominated by Ford, GM, and Daimler-Chrysler. Producing parts that are not â€Å"up-to-spec† could result in†¦show more content†¦This discrepancy would be significant to Hilcrest Auto, which is not considering overtime or third shift under the current circumstance. There are several potential solutions for Bailey, the quality manager and business unit manager of the Small Parts Divisi on of Hilcrest, under this circumstance of the quality issue and shortness of supply. First, Bailey is considering imposing an immediate improvement in quality control. Bailey is also considering adding the third shift or purchasing a new machine to increase productions. Immediate Improvement Bailey is considering adding two more steps to the production for Hilcrest in order to improve the quality of heater core tubes: the re-shaping process and the gauging inspection. The re-shaping process takes seven seconds per tube, which is not constrained by capacity. The gauging process, on the other hand, will take virtually no time, but scrap five percent of finish parts. On a â€Å"good day† level of production, Hilcrest will reject 65 tubes per shift, resulting 650 units deduction in the weekly supply. Bailey is facing a situation to sacrifice production level in order to ensure quality control. In addition to that, Hilcrest is required to hire an additional full-time operator for $48,000 to supervise new operating processes. Third Shift In order to meet the market demand, Bailey can also add a third shift to increase the production level. By

Essay on Epic of Gilgamesh - 971 Words

Title: Gilgamesh Type: Epic Author: Anonymous Theme: The central idea of Gilgamesh was the greed that he had to receive eternal life. Gilgamesh was a selfish person who was half god and half man and wanted to keep his youth after seeing Enkidu die. Gilgamesh knew his destiny was not to receive eternal life because he was half man. He decided to go against the odds to fight against not having eternal life searching for the secret despite what the Gods told him. Exposition: The story dates between 2500-1500 B.C. Gilgamesh ruled in Uruk, a city in ancient Mesopotamia. Protagonist: The epic is centered on Gilgamesh because he is the main character and ruler of Uruk who in the beginning is rude and arrogant and has a journey†¦show more content†¦Crisis: Death is the crisis for Gilgamesh and the fact he is half man is preventing him from living forever. He decides to ignore the advice given to the gods and goes on a quest to find the boatman Utnapishtim for eternal life. Climax: Gilgamesh goes on his journey for everlasting life and find the boat man Utnapishtim for everlasting life. First, Gilgamesh is challenged to stay awake for 6 days and 7 nights, but he fails at the task. Secondly, he tells Gilgamesh that a prickly plant has the answer for his eternal life and if he is able to capture it he will hold in his hands the answer for his youth. As Gilgamesh goes to cleanse him self, a serpent takes his plant and Gilgamesh is saddened because this now means death is in his path. He decides to make plans to take the plant to the elderly men to renew their youth which shows leadership as a king is suppose to be. Resolution or Denouement: In the beginning of the epic Gilgamesh the people of Uruk saw Gilgamesh as a lousy, obnoxious, arrogant ruler. After his journeys to find everlasting life his heart began to soften and see a different perspective of life. It was revealed long after Gilgamesh’s death that he was actually considered a god. This helps explain his fear towards death. Gilgamesh wanted to physically be a great warrior until the end of time opposed to just another historic memory. Although it was not actually death he was afraid of,Show MoreRelatedGilgamesh And The Epic Of Gilgamesh988 Words   |  4 PagesThe maturation of Gilgamesh and his desire to acquire wisdom throughout his journey is quite apparent. By overcoming difficulties such as upholding Uruk, becoming friends with Enkidu, and various other scenarios, Gilgamesh proves that he did in fact grow up throughout the epic. As the epic starts, Gilgamesh is portrayed as a self-centered, self-admiring leader who believes that he is the only individual that can lead the city of Uruk. Gilgamesh believes that he is a god-like figure and often refersRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : Gilgamesh1013 Words   |  5 Pages Gilgamesh in 2015 Even though the epic Gilgamesh is thousands of years old, it is still read today. Why would the era of technology read an epic this old? This is because the themes in Gilgamesh are still relevant. In addition, the themes are experiences that Gilgamesh went through in his life period, and serve as lessons for the current readers. Gilgamesh’s themes include journey, legacy, love, and death. These themes make Gilgamesh a vital reading for the 21st century citizens because peopleRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh876 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Epic of Gilgamesh a young man meets and befriends a wild man named Enkidu. Enkidu, once a man who lived among animals, became civilized after having sex with a female. From this point on Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s relationship start, but shortly into the novel Enkidu becomes sick and dies. This is the start to Gilgamesh journey in attempting to avoid death by seeking immortality. In his quest Gilgamesh meets several people all w ho assign different routes to the next person he should speak to.Read MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1194 Words   |  5 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian epic poem loosely based on a real king who ruled sometime around 2700 BCE. The standard version of this epic was written in the Akkadian language. In this epic poem, Gilgamesh is King of Uruk, he is one third mortal and two-thirds god; he is described as a strong, arrogant, and unruly king that does not show much consideration for his actions. Gilgamesh is a very egocentric person; he has no respect for the feelings of others and does not care about howRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh909 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† is a didactic story set out to expose the inevitability of death. The true meaning of this story is sometimes overlooked because the story is told in heighten language not easily understood. The epic hero in this story is Gilgamesh; he undertakes a quest for knowledge which is overshadowed by his ignorance. The tragic death of Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s trusted companion forces the epic hero to change his perception of death. To overcome great obstacles one must be willing to putRead MoreGilgamesh The Epic Of Gilgamesh877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh the lines that are repeated at the beginning and end of the epic show that only immortality a human can gain lies in creating things that last beyond a person’s lifetime. While at the beginning of the epic Gilgamesh is seeking eternal life, when he concludes his journey he realizes that he has created an enduring legend through the foundation of his city, Uruk. Through this legend, Gilgamesh can live on in the memory of his people, long after he has passed away. The epic is ableRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Epic of Gilgamesh there are many notable relationships but the relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu is hands d own the most noteworthy. When analyzing the relationship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu there are many factors that go into play. It is really the sole foundation of the whole Sumerian epic and it really changes the whole personality of Gilgamesh. In order to get a better understanding of how the two characters complement each other we have to first break down their individual appearancesRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh2225 Words   |  9 PagesEpic of Gilgamesh In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh became a hero and Enkidu helped Gilgamesh grow and develop as a person, a leader, and a hero. Heroism is a major theme of this story. Gilgamesh also overcame the obstacle of his best friend dying and persevering when he had no other choice but to give up. The Epic of Gilgamesh was a story about a leader named Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh ruled the city of Uruk and along the way, he learned how to become a better leader. During this time, the gods createRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1400 Words   |  6 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh’s point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor and strength who is not benevolent with his subjectsRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesWhile the women in the Epic of Gilgamesh may not be the primary focus of the epic, which instead recounts more of Gilgamesh’s own trials and travails, they still play quite vital roles in their interactions with both Enkidu and Gilgamesh. Women such as Shamhat, Ninsun, and Ishtar in The Epic of Gilgamesh are often portrayed with a particular emphasis on their intrinsic connections to civilization—and in the case of Shamhat and Ninsun, in terms of their m otherly characteristics as well—which serves

Sublime In 18th Century Essay - 1915 Words

Described as the age of enlightenment, 18th Century Britain became modish in its ways. An emerging trading industry allowed the nation to prosper and develop into a wealthy elite society, where ambition was smothering every opportunity to improve taste, class and wealth. An awareness of society was steadily rising due to heavy influence of newspapers, thus enabling a we to develop. People began questioning fact, exploring and acquiring to new tastes; but the benchmark was when John Dennis returned from the seemingly problematic and extraneous Alps in 1688, and spoke of having experienced an emotional phenomena through the great wonders of these mountains. Such an absurd idea created hype and wonder among the nation-descriptions of†¦show more content†¦(Eagleton, Terry. The Ideology of the Aesthetic. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990. ) Man is naturally born to survive, to compete, to rival with others, and the sublime ties in with this in the sense it is about individuation and dang er, and seeking to gain the absolute maximum. Ambition is about taking risks, and in taking a risk, we have mixed feelings of fear, passion andexcitement-similar to that of the sublime. In Burke s essay, he says No passion soeffectually robs the mind of all its powers of acting and reasoning as fear....whatevertherefore is terrible, with regard to sight, is sublime too, whether this cause ofterror being endued with greatness of dimensions or not; for it is impossible to look on anything as trifling, or contemptible, that may be dangerous. (Burke, Edmund. A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime andBeautiful [extracts]. Section II, Terror. 2nd ed. The University of Edinburgh English Literature 2 WebCTVirtual Learning Environment. 24 Oct. 2008 .)Burke remarks that danger hints at thrill; his word choice of trifling conveys this. This has a direct link to feeling sublime, because thrilling experiences are individual and divine. Ambition certainly has an au ra of danger, and just like experiencingthe sublime, there is that element of thrill, of the chance of it being successful andfailing at the same time. This sense of ambition is arguably caused by our naturalcurious minds; if we were not so wondrous as to try toShow MoreRelatedA Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful: Edmund Burke1299 Words   |  6 PagesEnlightenment movement of the 18th century. For them, one of the great aesthetic categories traditions will be discussed: the sublime, starting from one of the most influential texts in the history of aesthetics published in 1757 by Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful -a curious essay on the fundamentally political career of its author that will mark a turning point in the later reflections on the category of the sublime- and make a brief historicalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Three Sets Nature And The Romantics Are Two Sides Of The Same Coin1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sublime in Three Sets Nature and the Romantics are two sides of the same coin. In almost every single poem we have read over the course of this semester we have been able to find hints of the natural world. These instances were moments of hunger. While industrialization was tearing landscapes up by their roots, Romantic poets were desperate to experience the euphoric sense of sublimity they had come to associate with the highest level of consciousness. However, this sense of sublimity is notRead MoreSublime In Frankenstein Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesgiving connotations of ghostly castles and supernatural events. The Sublime experience as stated by the critic Longinus is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a matter of treatment. The particular form of the sublime experience that requires prepossessing objects is not only the form; it is simply the form in which enthusiasm preponderates over irony [1] . The Castle of Otranto is the first Gothic novel written by Horace Walpole in which the idea of the Sublime is presented through its physical, transcending and overpowering imageryRead MoreKant : The Father Of Enlightenment1071 Words   |  5 PagesStanford Marquis Essay 2 Kant: The Father of Enlightenment The 18th Century is referred to as the Age of Reason or Enlightenment as it was during this period that reason and individualism was advocated as a means of power. Science and reason were revolutionizing society by challenging the facts deeply rooted in tradition. This new rational way of thinking used logic to arrive at conclusions. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, was one of the primary figures of this era that cultivated reason andRead More Romanticisms Sublime Style in Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Billy Budd2152 Words   |  9 PagesRomanticisms Sublime Style in Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Billy Budd      Ã‚  Ã‚   Sublime refers to an aesthetic value in which the primary factor is the presence or suggestion of transcendent vastness or greatness, as of power, heroism, extent in space or time(Internet Encyclopedia).   This essay will explore different levels of Romanticisms sublime style in Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Herman Melvilles Billy Budd. The essay will particularlyRead MoreRomanticism versus Neoclassicism2775 Words   |  12 PagesNeoclassical and Romantic movements cover the period of 1750 to 1850. Neoclassicism showed life to be more rational than it really was. The Romantics favoured an interest in nature, picturesque, violent, sublime. Unlike Neo_classicism, which stood for the order, reason, tradition, society, intellect and formal diction, Romanticism allowed people to get away from the constrained rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. In this movement the emphasis wasRead Mor eThe Glorious Faculty: a Critical Analysis of Addison’s Theory of Imagination in ‘the Pleasures of Imagination’2701 Words   |  11 PagesColeridge The synthesizing ‘essemplastic power’[3] of imagination that bestows ‘splendor’ on beauty, enabling the Romantic poet to transcreate reality in terms of an Ideal owes its origin much before the Romantics, nay, even the Pre-Romantics. In the 18th century literary and critical history of ideas, as espoused by contemporary litterateur Joseph Addison on whom the status of pioneering the theory of Imagination might be said truly rest upon. In fact despite his profound discussion of this theory in hisRead MorePolitical Art Ideas By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels3059 Words   |  13 PagesSongyi Yoo 12/19/14 Art 006 Final Essay #1: Political Art Ideas There was a time in history where oppression was very present in Geremy, specifically dealing with the Natzis and communism. It was a time of great struggles for different social classes. Once history starts to form new movements, culture and art also become affected. Due to this time communism in the 1900s made Marxism come about. It is a movement in art associated with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that looks at the different levelsRead MoreParadise Lost Analysis1996 Words   |  8 PagesA Brief Analysis of Paradise Lost Illustrated by John Martin In this essay, I am going to look at Volume II of Paradise Lost, published in 1827. The book is written by John Milton, illustrated by John Martin and published by Septimus Prowett. I will consider its importance within the history of the illustrated book in Britain, examine the time of its production, describe the artist’s use of technology, technique, materials, and subject and discuss the artist’s lasting contribution.Read MoreDid Wordsworth or Coleridge Have Greater Influence on Modern Criticism?8605 Words   |  35 PagesDid Wordsworth or Coleridge have greater influence on modern criticism? Answer: Wordsworth, Coleridge, and British Romanticism Introduction After a brief introduction of the period that will contrast the Romantics with the century that preceded them, we shall move on to analyze the great poetic, theoretical experiment that most consider the Ur text of British Romanticism: Lyrical Ballads. We shall explore both the unique plan of Lyrical Ballads, and the implications of that plan for literary

Emancipation Proclamation free essay sample

The Emancipation Proclamation led to the end of slavery, and is one of the most controversial documents in American history. Human slavery was the focus of political conflict in the United States from the 1830s to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for presidency in 1860, personally abhorred slavery and was pledged to prevent it from spreading to western territories. At the same time he believed that the Constitution did not allow federal government to prohibit slavery in states where it already existed. Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"I claim not to have controlled events, but confess plainly that events have controlled me† (McPherson 21). In accordance with his quote, when President Lincoln issued the unprecedented Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, Lincoln freed slaves in the Southern states, but he and his actions were being controlled by Civil War. The Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865 between the Northern states, or the Union, and the Southern states, or the Confederacy. On September 22, 1862, in the midst of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln put forth a Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation (Tackach 45). The document stated that after January 1, 1863, slaves belonging to all Southern states that were still in rebellion would be free (Tackach 45). However, the Emancipation Proclamation had no immediate effect; slavery was not legally prohibited until the Thirteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution in 1865, about three years after the Emancipation Proclamation was decreed (Tackach 9-10). If the Emancipation Proclamation did not completely abolish slavery, what was the point of the document? Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation was not actually written for the purpose of freeing any slaves. Rather, it was a war tactic to militarily weaken the South, add soldiers to the Union cause, and please abolitionist Northerners. From the start of the Civil War, Lincoln clarified that the goal of the war was not â€Å"`to put down slavery, but to put the flag back,’† and he refused to declare the war as a war over slavery (Brodie 155 as qtd. in Klingaman 75-76). In a letter to Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, in August 1862, Lincoln wrote: â€Å"My paramount object in this struggle is not either to save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Tackach 44). Lincoln also refused  to declare that slavery was the Civil War’s main focus because many Whites in the North and in the much-valued Border States would not agree with a war to free slaves since they believed Blacks were inferior to Whites (Wheeler 225-226). The political and military advantages of the Border States made Lincoln reluctant to proclaim the Civil War to be a war about slavery (Wheeler 225-226). Even Jefferson Davis, president of the enemy Confederacy, disagreed with a war about slavery (Wheeler 226). Then why did President Lincoln, in the midst of a war he claimed was not about slavery, issue the Emancipation Proclamation? The Emancipation Proclamation itself answers the question, stating that Lincoln was freeing the Southerners’ slaves, â€Å"upon military necessity† (Klingaman 232). Lincoln freed Southern slaves, â€Å"as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing†¦ rebellion† (Klingaman 231). President Lincoln took advantage of his position as Commander-in-Chief of the United States, as well as his ability to act without Congress’ consent, and issued the Emancipation Proclamation for military reasons (Heinrichs 15). Lincoln knew that the proclamation would prove to be a useful tool of defense during the fierce Civil War. It can only be concluded that Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation for somewhat selfish reasons, as to increase the North’s chances of victory in the Civil War. By issuing a document that freed slaves, the North could undoubtedly gain foreign allies, and at the same time deprive the South of their foreign support. Great Britain was supportive of the South’s secession from the Union because Britain relied on the South’s cotton (Tackach 43). Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts claimed to Lincoln that since Great Britain was anti-slavery, if Lincoln would change the Civil War’s main focus to slavery, the abolitionist North would gain Britain’s support (Tackach 43). By issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln changed the Civil War’s focal point from secession to slavery, transferring Great Britain’s support from the Confederacy to the Union (Tackach 43). In fact, the original reason why Jefferson Davis did not want the war to revolve around slavery was to prevent loss of support from foreign governments (Wheeler 226). In addition, should the Southern slaves be freed, the South would lose certain advantages that slavery presented them with. Some slave owners forced their slaves to aid the Southern war cause by working for the Confederate army (Tackach 45). Also, slaves tended to their owners’ plantations, allowing the owners to  enlist in the Confederate army without having to worry about their land’s upkeep (Tackach 43). Should the Emancipation Proclamation be issued, the Confederate army would lose beneficial slave labor, resulting in the loss of many soldiers, since many plantation owners would be forced to return home to maintain their land (Tackach 43, 45). Furthermore, the Emancipation Proclamation stated that the United States government would take no action against freed slaves exercising their freedom (Tackach 45). Northerners believed that freed slaves would rise up, rebel and therefore weaken the South with this additional method (Wheeler 227). In most wars, the overall sum of troops has a considerable impact on the war’s outcome. In the Civil War, Lincoln utilized the newly freed slaves and gained a military advantage by allowing them to enlist in the Union army (Tackach 47). Lincoln referred to Blacks fighting for the Union as â€Å"`the great available and yet unavailed of force for restoring the Union’† (Hunt 133). Altogether, 185,000 Blacks fought for the Union army, about ten percent of the total sum of Union troops throughout the Civil War (Tackach 54, Wheeler 255). Over 37,000 former slaves died fighting for the Union army (Heinrichs 28). The amount of enlisted Blacks undoubtedly helped secure the North’s victory in the Civil War. Eventually, Jefferson Davis allowed Blacks to fight in the Confederate army (Wheeler 224-225). But with no records of Blacks’ combat, Davis’ decision to use Black troops came too late (Wheeler 257, 224-225). The South’s lack of Black soldiers and ultimate defeat reflect how advantageous and strategic Black soldiers were in the Civil War. Military advantage was not the only matter persuading Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation; Northerners’ pleas for abolition also influenced Lincoln’s decision to free Southern slaves. In the beginning of the Civil War, Northerners did not actively oppose slavery (Klingaman 21-22 ). But as the war progressed, more and more Northerners began to believe that abolition of slavery went along with defeat of the South (Klingaman 81). One reason for the change of heart was the impact of eyewitness accounts of slavery’s brutality. During the Civil War, many Union soldiers situated in the South witnessed the horrors of slavery and informed their families of the cruelty they had seen . Due to these eyewitness accounts, Northerners sympathized with slaves, leading to increased favor of abolition By January 1862, about half the Union soldiers wanted slavery to be obliterated (Klingaman 92). Many Northerners agreed with Massachusetts clergyman Thomas W. Higginson’s quote that stated, â€Å"`†¦the idea of conquering rebellion without destroying slavery is only to be equaled by the idea of storming hell without disturbing the personal comfort of the devil’† (Klingaman 81). A common statement among Northerners, voiced by an Iowan citizen, proclaimed, â€Å"`I believe that slavery (the worst of all curses) was the sole cause of this Rebellion, and until this cause is removed and slavery abolished, the rebellion will continue to exist’† (McPherson 118). Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to silence such pleas for abolition from Northerners, and because abolitionist sentiment in the North pushed Lincoln to consider abolishing slavery. Lincoln’s dishonest intentions for the Emancipation Proclamation to help the North militarily, and not to eradicate slavery from the United States, were hinted through weaknesses in the act ual Emancipation Proclamation. First of all, the Emancipation Proclamation stated that only those slaves in the Southern states, and not all slaves in the United States, would be freed on January 1, 1863 (Tackach 9-10). Secondly, the Emancipation Proclamation could only legally apply under certain circumstances. The North would have to win the Civil War; should the South win the war and become its own nation, the Emancipation Proclamation would have no legal effect whatsoever (Tackach 9-10). In addition, the Emancipation Proclamation could only become a United States law through an amendment to the Constitution (Tackach 9-10). The wording of the Emancipation Proclamation also displays Lincoln’s halfhearted feelings toward freeing Southerners’ slaves: The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation deemed Southern slaves â€Å"forever free,† but in the actual Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln changed the wording to â€Å"free† (Klingaman 228). The Emancipation Proclamation was not even immediately effective in those areas where it did apply: Some Texan slaves did not hear of their freedom until two years after the Emancipation Proclamation had been issued (Heinrichs 24-25). When Lincoln was signing the Emancipation Proclamation, his hand was shaking uncontrollably (Klingaman 227). Perhaps Lincoln was aware and nervous that he was wrongly freeing slaves for military reasons, and not for the sake of their freedom. Also, Lincoln decreed the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862 only to see how the public would react to such a document (Wheeler 227). If Lincoln was issuing the  proclamation for the welfare of slaves, he should not have cared about public opinion. The Emancipation Proclamation achieved very little for the slaves themselves. Lincoln’s Act seemed like both an act of desperation and a selfish document. The reason why the Lincoln did not free Northern slaves through the Emancipation Proclamation was because Lincoln felt he could gain the upper hand militarily in the Civil War without having to free all United States slaves. Lincoln only freed the Southern slaves since those slaves alone would present Lincoln with enough military advantage to boost the Union’s chances of winning the Civil War. The Emancipation Proclamation wrongly convinced slaves that Lincoln truly cared about their freedom. Lincoln only acted out of concern for his Union, his war, and his place in history.

LowRider Subculture Essay Research Paper Rob BeldingAnt free essay sample

Low-Rider Subculture Essay, Research Paper Rob Belding Ant 202 05/07/00 Land Effectss, Tint, Bass, and Other Aspects of the Low-Rider Subculture In researching informations for this paper I spent one flushing take parting in the activities of the West Side Low-Rider nine. Information was besides gathered through my experience of life in the country where the group hangs out, West Asheville. My source is a friend of mine who is besides a member of the group. With his aid I was able to travel freely among club members. The focal point of the paper is in the symbol which the car represents for the driver and how club members alter or customize the symbol to obtain position. The West Side Low-Rider nine was established in 1991. The group was started by two brothers, Bobby and Sid. Together with five of their friends, the two work forces have created what is considered one of the largest low-rider nine in North Carolina. We will write a custom essay sample on LowRider Subculture Essay Research Paper Rob BeldingAnt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although arising in the sou-west among Latinos, low-riding became popular in Asheville in the mid 1970ss, and now there are three good established groups in Buncombe county. All of the nines are based in West Asheville, which lies across the Gallic Broad River, from the concern territory of Asheville. Other than occasional sails through business district, most of the nine activities are carried out in West Asheville. My friend Casper, who is a member of West Side, informed me that # 8220 ; West Asheville is where the true Ashevillians live # 8221 ; as # 8220 ; new age flower peoples # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; progressives # 8221 ; have taken over the remainder of the metropolis. The division between West Asheville and the remainder of Asheville is an interesting 1. As my source stated above, there are evident differences in the manner the two sides of town position themselves. Asheville has ever been a major tourer finish ; 15 old ages ago, nevertheless, the tourer began to remain twelvemonth unit of ammunition. The metropolis welcomed the largely affluent new occupants, by providing to the demands of the many new lodging developments which began jumping up around the downtown country. In an exodus reminiscent of # 8220 ; white flight, # 8221 ; the old occupants began traveling to the less populated countries environing the metropolis. It is this bitterness for the remainder of Asheville which led to the naming of West Side Low- Rider nine, which is called by most, West Side. # 8220 ; This material is all about male childs and their plaything # 8221 ; Mike P. Members of the group will state you that rank is unfastened to the populace, provided the remainder of the cats like you. There are 150 # 8220 ; rides # 8221 ; { a term used to depict a individual and their auto } in the group. All of them are males, between the ages of 16 and 20 seven. I asked why adult females where non allowed into the group, and was told by many that car mechanics, and driving for that affair, were activities which work forces performed better. Probing the issue further I found that most of the members thought that adult females do non necessitate to acquire soiled, and that the work is automatically oriented which happens non to accommodate adult females. Members of the nine are divided into two classs, work forces and male childs. Male childs are considered so until the 18th birthday which marks the debut into manhood. Sexual experience besides appears to be linked to the separation between work forces and male childs. Virginity is frowned upon, as no male can be considered a adult male, without first sing sexual intercourse. My informant told me that many male childs will lie about their sexual conquering in order to raise their position in the group. The separation between the sexually experient and those considered # 8220 ; cherries # 8221 ; is symbolically represented in name naming and gags which bring to illume the sexual sodium? vet? of the male childs in the nine. For illustration, one male child was referred to as # 8220 ; Lotion # 8221 ; connoting that his lone sexual pleasance came through onanism. The impression that adult females are non to be permitted into the nine is interesting, as they are the vehicle through which members achieve ultimate pleasance and position. I speculate that this impression is much like one ground in which many Muslim adult females wear the head covering. In order to alleviate work forces from being distracted by their desire for adult females, a head covering is worn to let free motion of all. The exclusion of adult females from the nine, allows it? s male members to interact without viing for the fondness of female members. In Bedouin society one ground for have oning the head covering is it? s representation of adult females as a separate category from work forces. The West Side members suggest the same separation thoughts in saying that adult females do non necessitate to acquire soiled while working on autos. As a whole, members of the group assume position and individuality through the autos which they drive. Bing a low-rider nine, the group views the # 8220 ; mill # 8221 ; car as a clean canvas, on which a host of looks may be made. In touring the parking batch, my sources showed me what is looked at in sizing up a drive. Custom characteristics are the most easy identified and are hence considered the most of import by many. The points to be modified include: pigment occupation, wheels, rims { hubcaps } , lift { height up } , drop { height down } , undercarriage lighting, and aero- adjustments { accoutrements designed to do the auto more aerodynamic } . Spines are besides considered an of import facet of custom-making the car. Spines bearing the Son of name trade names have become popular, non because of the merchandise they represent, yet an altered significance which the low-riders have created. All of the members of the nine have a big west side spine with the image of a mustachioe d bandito on the rear window. Performance of the car is every bit every bit of import to the partisan, looking for more than a # 8220 ; batch drive? which sits reasonably but runs like *censored*. # 8221 ; Keeping a auto? s engine and other parts requires a cognition of mechanics which is coveted by many members of the group. Members of the nine ill-famed for mechanical cognition are revered. The top velocity and rate of acceleration are two mechanical facets which take precedency among low-riders, as retarding force racing is the primary signifier of competition among the group. Exchange of mechanical service for goods frequently takes topographic point leting for the group to incorporate it? s cognition and commitment to their friends in the nine. The reciprocality among group members is similar to that found in smaller, hunter gatherer communities. The act of reciprocality illuminates a solidarity among group members, in making separate regulations among themselves. # 8220 ; The inside of the car is the womb. # 8221 ; Casper Low-riders spend as much clip # 8220 ; souping up # 8221 ; the inside of their autos as they do on any other facet of their drive. Members of West Side showed me autos with oriental rug insides, inside neon lighting, and even a covered pick-up trucks made to resemble a limousine. Luxury appeared to be the end, as many of the autos had been fitted with wood particularization, or even fake marble. Colored window tincting on some of the autos creates a coloured chromaticity throughout the inside of the auto. Many low-riders add switches and buttons to the splashboard to make whatever consequence they desire. One source told me of a auto which resembled the inside of Luke Skywalker? s X-wing combatant, from Star Wars. The hideous alterations made by usage auto partisan appear to be attemp T to divide oneself from mainstream society. This is achieved through alteration of symbols and stuffs found in dominate civilization. Persons identify themselves with the alterations they make to their autos, leting their cars to project the image that they wish for themselves. Car Stereos besides are an of import factor in a # 8220 ; bitchen ride. # 8221 ; The volumes accomplishable today in cars is reeling. Car Stereos frequently can be heard every bit far as a stat mi off, doing the whole human body to rattle with each bass hit. West Side members, all have customized talker kits in their autos, frequently in the signifier of a box contained in the bole. One member told me # 8221 ; a good system allow? s you be heard? peoples is hearen, my music. # 8221 ; The music played on the stereo is a different affair. Musical gustatory sensation amongst West Side members varied between Rap/ Hip Hop and Country/ Classic Rock. These two genres appeared to divide some members of the group. Many of the Country/Classic Rock hearers felt like the Rap/Hip Hop hearers were non being true to their roots. One cat commented, # 8220 ; state music is American Born, merely like baseball, hell merely like low-riden # 8221 ; possibly connoting that Rap and Hip Hop were merchandises of the African American Experience, of which no West Side members are a portion. The division of the group over musical gustatory sensation gives rise concerns over the turning size of the group. Members complained often of how the group no longer seemed like a household. Possibly the division of the group, via music, has allowed the group to happen greater solidarity in smaller Numberss. As solidarity appears to be a concern in the enrollment issue. Cruising the strip Possibly one ground for the constitution of the West Side low-rider nine is the cruising phenomena which takes topographic point on Patton Avenue. Every Friday and Saturday dark 100s of immature people, approximately between 14 and 25years old, drive up and down Patton Avenue, hanging from their autos, retarding force racing, and holding a good clip. Local shop proprietors report that the immature people have been making this for approximately twenty old ages. Complaining about the traffic created by the inflow of autos in weekend, many feel the constabulary should stop the pattern all together. That sentiment is non shared by all nevertheless, many fast nutrient eating houses and gas station employees feel the childs are merely holding a good clip, a adult female at the Amoco station on Patton explained, # 8220 ; I know I? vitamin D instead my childs be down here cruisen and raisen snake pit than away drinken and driven round the mountains? . childs Don? T normally acquire killed i n accidents down here. # 8221 ; The constabulary are seeable wholly along Patton Avenue With or without the consent of citizens, the street fills up, and Friday December sixth was no exclusion. It was this Friday that I arranged to run into with my friend Casper to cruise with boys/men of West Side. I met my friend and his comrades in the parking batch of CarToonz, a auto stereo concern on the strip owned by a club member. The parking batch was beating with bass resounding from the many parked autos. This parking serves as the rendezvous point for all West Side members. After touring the parking batch, in Casper? s 1989 Nissan Maxima, we pulled onto Patton and cruised the streets. Patton Avenue has a cement average running it? s length and a U-turn must be made to turn around. As many people are circling, the U-turn lane fills rapidly, and most of the clip exhausted cruising, is really exhausted sitting at brake lights. It is at the brake light that most of the societal exchange in cruising takes topographic point. I watched as Casper leaned from his auto window, speaki ng to misss and shouting at other patrol cars. He explained to me that it is non uncommon to see a miss in a auto and inquire her to come drive with you. Young people, riders, were continually abandoning autos in exchange for a new drive. I asked my source and his friends, what determines if a miss will come for a drive? They explained that a truly hot auto or a good choice on the stereo can and normally wins a miss over. Possibly make-up for work forces. After an hr of driving we pulled into Taco Bell and parked. Casper ran inside to purchase a drink, as loitering is non permitted, and we all sat on the goon. Our parking topographic point faced Patton Avenue and the group maintained duologue with about every passer-by. Several autos were parked in the batch and immature people were everyplace. One group appeared to be contending, and Casper explained to me that the two cats at the centre were members of another low-rider nine which was dividing up as a consequence of commitments to two feuding members. The battle began over the hooliganism of a members ride. I asked Casper if battles were common and he said, # 8220 ; this whole thing is cats and their autos and their adult females, of class there? s battles here. Shit adult male a guys edge to acquire his toes stepped on, there? s a batch of bad mother*censored*ers down here. # 8221 ; The Taco Bell parking batch is considered the best on Patton avenue, as it sits at the get downing line of the retarding force strip. Watching close to 15 tyre whining take offs, I became amazed at the strength of the whole thing. My friends explained to me that it? s reasonably much the same thing as arm wrestle and you must make it to acquire regard. I was reminded of a pageant of kinds. The constabulary issue a serious mulct for retarding force racing and their presence in the country attention deficit disorder to a heightened since of exhilaration. I neer got to take part in a retarding force race, regretfully. Drag racing has taken topographic point for decennaries, as a athletics of largely work forces. Many people associate the athletics with aggression and fiery auto clangs. Drivers on Patton Avenue have ritualized drag rushing much in the same mode as many other civilizations have ritualized signifiers of competition. The Yanomamo clasp ax battles as initial signifier of competition or aggression. My informant told me, while physical combat occurs often, the enemies have about ever raced before. Implying that retarding force racing is frequently used ab initio in order to settle differences or novice. The dark ended with my return to the parking batch of CarToonz. There were a twelve autos sitting, running, wirelesss blasting. I hung about for a small piece and so, thanking Casper and his friends, went place. Leaving, I couldn? T aid but look into out my auto as I approached. I began inquiring about my auto, and whether it represented me, like apparels. I began to believe of how the West Side members go to extremes to show themselves through their cars. Sing the car as an extension of the ego, a symbol with which the identify. The symbol, car, becomes something with which members use to presume their individuality. This phenomenon is found throughout the universe and is most widely expressed vesture manners. The head covering, besides, has become a symbol with which many Muslim adult females use for individuality. There is no uncertainty that members of West Side experience better about themselves while driving a # 8220 ; cool ride. # 8221 ; There is no quintessential # 8220 ; cool ride. # 8221 ; Everyone seems to be taking points from within the same model. The act of custom-making 1s automobile allows a individual to make an single individuality while being a portion of a larger group. This has led to the development of a sub-culture which is rather closely bound to the civilization from which it separates itself. 32f

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Power will be more dispersed with the newer players bringing new rules of the game while risks will increase that the traditional Western alliances will weaken (Global Trends 2025: Transformed World, 2008). USA will remain the provider of global security (FreeWorldAcademy, 2005) but will have to share the power with other new players. Researches expect China becomes a democratic country in 2030 and gain more political power. Some experts also expect greater Asian regionalism by 2025, which may lead to establishment of new quasi-blocks: North America, Europe and East Asia and new wave of political and economical competition (Global Trends 2025: Transformed World, 2008). The potential for conflict and instability is expected to increase in Middle East and North Africa. At the same time McKinsey Global Institute predicts the acceleration of Africas growth where government actions will manage to end political conflicts and improve business climate (McKinsey Global Institute, 2010). 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This shift can be explained by several reasons : increases in oil and commodity prices generated big profits for the Gulf states and Russia lower costs combined with government policies have shifted the focus of manufacturing and some service industries to Asia power will shift to the places with political and economic stability (Global Trends 2025, 2008) The world GNI will also undergo the evolution and regional repartition. As indicated on Figure 3. it is expected to reach 94,290 $Billion in 2030 comparing to 39,305 $Billion in 2004. 2004 2030 World GNI 39,305 94,290 Population 6,480 8,200 World income per capita 6,065 11,500 Figure 3. World GNI 2004 2030 (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, 2010) This economic trend implies an average growth rate of 3.4% over 26 years. Compared to the population growth rate 1%, it means that the world income per capita will increase by 2.4% per year over the period Asia becomes a strong visible player in the regional GNI repartition (Figure 4). 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According to Paul Nunes, Executive Research Fellow at the Accenture Institute for High Performance: Businesses not planning and acting now [to get into Africa] will miss the boat as many did when it came to China. Researchers forecast the standards of living will have risen by 2030. Number of high income people will increase by 8%, number of low income will decrease by 14% but inequalities will remain (Global Trends 2025, 2008). In essence, the economic world will look different than the world today. There will be multiple centers of economic powers, new players will mount the economic and political scene creating new business opportunities, overall, globalized and multi-polar world which will require organizations to re-think their strategies and re-shape their businesses to take full advantage of new opportunities and prosper. Social factors The next 20 years will be characterized by serious and inevitable demographic changes and shifts and their economic, political and social impacts will be enormous. Researchers highlight key demographics marked trends of years to come. World population will increase to 8.2 billion by 2030 with the largest increase projected in Asia and Africa and less than 3% will occur in Europe, USA, Canada, Japan (Global Trends 2025, 2008) Figure.. Population shifts will continue Africa will have the worlds largest working-age population. In 2008 the continent had more than 500 million working-age people and by 2040 its forecasted to exceed 1.1 bln (Figure, 6). Its an open question whether Africa will be able to educate its workforce to make it serious engine for business world. Figure 6. Working-age population 1950-2040 (McKinsey Global Institute, 2010) Longevity will increase significantly almost everywhere and the number of people aged 80 years or over will grow (Figure). Coming decades will be defined by the largest demographic group ever seen. By 2030 at least 3 generations having different mindset, background, expectations and attitudes will meet together in one society and work together for the same employers. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division people will be more individualistic and will forge lifestyles based on their own needs rather than social expectations norm will be to work much of the time from home or in small community hubs to avoid carbon costs and charge of lenghthy commutes more people will work as freelancers and neo-nomads expecting more autonomy and freedom power will shift where there is political and economic stability Technological factors Most of researchers emphasize the role of technology in fostering the innovation and bringing about change. Technology will be all-prevasive and universal serving as a key driver for economic and social shifts. L. 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Changing workplace and workforce expectations Emery and Trist (1965) developed a typology describing four types of environment in which organizations operate and identified the appropriate organizational response. Environmental analysis with PESTLE demonstrates that the organizations 2030 will deal with high dynamism and high complexity pressures from outside. The organizational responses recommended by Emery and Trist (1965) for such environment types are developing fluid organization structures, flexible managers and staff at other levels. Duncan (1979) argues that what really matters is only the management perception. If management does not perceive the environment as turbulent the organizational response will not be as described. Anyway the reality out there has to be observed, studied, analyzed and reacted in an appropriate manner to stay successful (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007). Being under pressure of future challenges which come from globalization, new era of technologies, social and demographic changes organizations will have to adapt their internal structures, processes, strategies and leader behaviors to enable them to deal effectively with external changes. Many factors that define the workplace 2030 have already become evident alerting the organizations that the time has come to start preparing today for the challenges of tomorrow. PriceWaterHouseCoopers (2010) forecasts three worlds and business models for the future (Figure) This picture of life in tomorrow combines the events and trends which will shape the future and PwC suggests all 3 worlds can co-exist in some form distinct by geographic principle or industry sector. Researchers expect the following key trends to shape the workplace and workforce 2030: Talent will be worldwide. Social networks and future technology will increase the capability for talent to network and for companies to access talent globally and 24/7. Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and other social networking sites will become ordinary recruiting sources. As social recruiting spreads from few trendsetters to all the rest companies worldwide it be essential for both employees and employers to develop new set of skills to be successful in this way (The 2020 workplace, J. Meister, K. Willyerd, 2010). But its also expected the War for Smart Talent (www.globalfuturist.com) to be continued and probably even become sharper. There is a serious mismatch between the types of individuals available for work and specific skills employers are looking for (Manpower Talent Shortage Survey 2009). Experienced candidates who possess the required skills will be heavily demanded by the organizations worldwide. Given the increasing collaboration and growing importance of teamwork companies will consider entire teams hiring as a competitive solution to the business problem (IBM CHRO Study 2010). Skills will be specialized. Cost reductions will be an essential part of business imperatives 2020 2030 leading to the dominance of knowledge -intensive work which will require an increasingly complex set of skills. Less generalist, more in-depth mastery of specialist skills will be required. PwC in the Future of work 2020 (2010) predicts that specialization will be highly prized in each of the 3 worlds (Figure ) and employees will do their best to develop the most sought after professional skills. An increased attention by the companies will be paid to soft skills as well like problem-solving, project management and collaboration (Economist Intelligence Unit, 2010). Source: McKinsey Global Survey results Five forces reshaping the global economy (Based on online survey, in the field in March 2010) Another challenge the companies are expected to face in the future is multigenerational and increasingly diverse workforce. By 2030 3 or even 4 generations will have to collaborate together in one business environment having different mindset, background, expectations and live values. Most of the Baby Boomers cohort representatives who are now holding many CxO positions will have retired, taking with them lots of knowledge, experience and valuable expertise. It will force the companies to elaborate on ways how to retain the knowledge within the organizations developing new employment structures for soon-to-be retiring people (L. Gratton 2011). Or what we call retirement now will no longer have a traditional meaning? In terms of their characteristics, lifestyles, and attitudes, Boomers were the most populous and influential generation of all. They have defined themselves by their careers and many are workaholics. Their work is seen as a form of self-fulfillment, status, and proving th emselves, i.e., job titles matter. They have crowded into cultural careers such as teaching, religion, journalism, marketing, and the arts. Team orientation is valued. They are anticipated to work longer and harder (Eisner, 2005; Koco, 2006). They are very concerned about health and energy, looking for the sources to stay young, strong and active. Generation X will be in their mid-60s by 2030. They grew up in the time of economic uncertainty under the pressure of political and economic instability. Many wage and job opportunities for young workers were limited until the economic boom of mid-1990s. (Eisner, 2005; Lager, 2006). Success has been less certain for this generation. They do not believe in positive future time, energy, and relationships for advancement like the Boomers did. They have an economic and psychological survivor mentality and consider hard work as necessity. They had to compete in a weak global economy. Diversity and thinking globally are core values of Gen Xers ( Cranston, 2008; Francese, 2004; Ritson, 2007). The core driving business force by 2025 2030 will be generation Y aged 35 45. They witnessed the fast technological evolution with the Internet, Google, eBay, cell phones, PDAs, GPS becoming an admirable part of their lives. Integral parts of their lives is globalization, global citizens, working beyond fiscal boundaries (Hawkins, et al., 2010; Cranston, 2008; Eisner, 2005; Dietz, 2003; Gerritsen, 2008). Most of Gen Y has a strong sense of autonomy and independence, quite adaptable and comfortable in different situations. With blogging, YouTube, MySpace, Facebook, and Twitter anyone can become a reporter, producer, or social advisor. Social networking is a key distinction for this generation (Dickey and Sullivan, 2007; Donnelly, 2008). Gen Y demonstrates an entrepreneurial outlook and is more work/life balance oriented and less committed to an employer than previous generations but demonstrates high commitment when dedicated to a capt uring idea. It has been observed the this generations vales life styles, career development and overseas travel and may be the most adaptable yet in terms of technological skills and values intrinsic aspects of work such as mentoring and training in order to remain marketable (Cennamo Gardner, 2008) They expect flexibility in work hours, dress code, relaxed work environment, recognition for smallest effort and constant feedback and value opportunity to downshift to reach a holistic self-understanding and satisfying meaning in life (IBM, 2011). Generation Z also called the connected generation, digital natives, the net generation (Future of work, 2012) is the newest generation and its hard to say now how they will develop as a generational cohort. By 2030 Gen Z will be taking an increasing role in society and business life. But what is known that they will grow up influenced by the factors described above in PESTLE. That is supposed to be a global and diverse generation. The technol ogical progress and next generation of social networking sites makes it possible to build online communities that are more like someones closest group of friends. (Labi, 2008b; Soltan, 2004). PwC research (2011) revealed that Gen Z will be similar to Gen Y in their expectations. But some features will be even more vivid manifested like desire for work/life balance, rapid career progression, less concern about working hours, high interest in new projects and less commitment to one employer. According to D. Tapscott (2008) Net Geners: Want freedom in everything they do Love to customize and personalize their experience Want to find entertainment in their work Are focused on collaboration and relationship building Have a need for speed They will be living in the world where equality and diversity become a societal norm. Finally, theyre going to be smart smarter even than previous generations. Their ability to process massive amounts of information quickly is actually preparing them to perform more mentally demanding jobs. In effect, an entire generation is training itself to handle more complicated tasks (IBM, 2011). Influenced by expected demographical changes described above organizations in Europe, North America, Canada will face the decline of Caucasian workers and increase of non-Caucasian. It is projected to double from 18% to 17% (The 2020 Workplace, J. Meister, K. Willyerd, 2010) While people managers are trained to deal with many forms of diversity, they will have to be prepared to manage workforce with greater diversity in age, gender and ethnicity. Social networks and virtual workspace. The rapid expansion of the digital universe and advancement in communication technologies will lead to the new meaning of being at work and create new ways on how people communicate with each other. Today for a number of jobs it is no longer needed for people to be physically located in the office to successfully perform job responsibilities and by 2030 it is forecasted most of the employers where the business allows will completely relieve their employees from working 9 to 5 office hours (Hewitt Associates, 2008). People will be free to decide where and how to organize their workplace. But Hewitt also emphasize that this capability can bring some employees new level of work/life balance satisfaction and for others its fostering workaholic tendency leading to lousy employees: tired, depressed, mistake prone, resentful, and eventually burned out (C. Salter, Solving the Real Productivity Crisis, Fast Company, January 2004). Virtual coworking will shape the future workplace. Workers from around the globe of different nations, professions, jobs, social status will be united together by many discussion forums, news groups, and virtual communities making many barriers of the past obsolete. Rapidly developing Cloud technology will make services, applications and resources accessible from any device, anywhere, any time, and if charged pay only for what they use during the time they are using it Through unprecedented access to virtual space the world of knowledge will be digitalized and enriched significantly by user-generated content (L.Gratton, 2010). Approximately 500Â  000 new users are creating every day online profiles and maintaining them on a social network (IBM 2011) and researchers forecast this number to grow over the next decades. The future workplace will look like a place where people collaborate extensively, exchange ideas, and share knowledge. The value of an employee will be determined not only by results achieved but also by how much you contribute your expertise and knowledge back to the organization (J. Meister, K. Willyerd, The 2020 workplace, 2010). The expected growth in virtual-based content will impact many organizational parts from changing corporate culture and standards of how people share knowledge and communicate with each other to the ways, policies and norms of how companys management deals with security and privacy of this explosion of the d igital content. The current workforce lifecycle has outlived its meaning. In the organizations of future individual careers are not based on relative or hierarchical moves but rather on reputational progress. Rather, people will choose the pace and direction of this progression according to their reputation and their own personal goals. Alternative careers will enable individuals to work and contribute throughout their entire lives and well beyond the traditional retirement age. In fact, the notions of retirement and retiree will be removed from our vocabulary since careers are based on the choices that each individual makes and not on the concept of seniority C. Benko and A. Molly introduced the concept of corporate lattice. In the new business world with heterogeneity of backgrounds, personal circumstances, expectations and aspirations it recognizes that career and life are no longer separate spheres but are now interdependent. This concept is expected to be a robust response to multiple changes organizations will face allowing to connect both high performance and career-life fit. Figure below describes how lattice thinking differs from ladder thinking. (C. Benko and A. Molly, The corporate lattice, ). The lattice structures an employees career path as multidirectional with opportunity to move across and down and up ensuring engagement of a diverse workforce driven mainly by desire to work for to be working with the best company, on the best projects, for the best clients, and with the best talent and team members. Source: Deloitte Development LLC, The Corporate Lattice (2010). IBM analysts (2010) elaborated and continued this concept by the next level of organizational development which can be expected by 2030 (Figure). Self-directed global-citizens will be managing their careers in a cube without limiting it to the frames of one organization. To succeed in the lattice-based organizations reputation will gain new meaning. This is the sum total of personal brand, expertise, number of successfully completed projects, ratings given by employers, breadth and depth of social networks, etc (J. Meister, K. Willyerd, The 2020 workplace, 2010). Individuals with a poor or low profile or reputation would ultimately diminish their personal brand and consequently have more difficulty securing opportunities and maintaining their labor rate against others. new employment models and employee engagement instruments that would help business navigate in the future Employee engagement is defined differently by different organizations and researchers. Here are just some of them: Corporate Leadership Council define Engagement as The extent to which employees commit to something or someone in their organization, how hard they work and how long they stay as a result of that commitment. The Gallup Organization argues that employee engagement is the involvement with and enthusiasm for work. When Hewitt Associates thinks engagement is the state of emotional and intellectual commitment to an organization or group producing behavior that will help fulfill an organizations promises to customers and improve business results. But all these definitions have a common base which is employee satisfaction with their work and ability and desire to go the extra mile and demonstrate outstanding on the job performance. Many things will be changing around and inside the organizations of the future but for the sake of sustainability employers will have to create a workplace where employees can build a personal and emotional relationship to the employer brand (J. Meister, K. Will yerd, The 2020 workplace, 2010). Basic human nature has not changed Basic human nature has not changed in 1000s of years and will remain in the future (R.J. Vance, SHRM Foundation, 2006): We want to be better: There is a competitive drive to be more competent and more capable We are social people: We are hard-wired to be part of a group We are meaning-seeking people: We want to make a difference Several sociologists who deal with generations and demographics researches suggest future generations particularly generations Y and Z will place greater importance on feedback, collaboration, self-fulfillment, meaningful contributions, skills advancement, respect, mentoring. The future workplace engagement model (J. Meister, K. Willyerd, 2010) covers the key principles that the future workplace must embody. The essential component is values which would be aligned across the generations and strong brand that employees identify with. . Meister, K. Willyerd (2010) argue there are different areas that contribute to the engagement but the model demonstrates the most important once: recruiting, employee connection, learning and leadership. These practice areas would be realized by organizations based on key principles: Collaboration: in the future external collaboration will grow exponentially Authenticity: key component is transparency through social media

Cyrano De Bergerac is Aristotles High Minded Man Essay -- essays rese

Le Haut Homme Occupà © D'Aristote In Cyrano De Bergerac, written originally by Edmond Rostand in French and translated to English by Brian Hooker, Cyrano de Bergerac stars in an epic of his fictional life as a high minded man. Aristotle, a great philosopher, states that a high minded man must have a mind that is concerned with all great things. Now, what are these "great things"? There are plenty of great things that a high minded man must value. I have chosen to explore three of them to show that Cyrano is an example of Aristotle?s high minded man. The first great thing is honor, Cyrano is a very honorable person. The second one is helping people but not asking for anything in return, Cyrano likes to help those in need, even when he does not receive any credit. The third one is bravery, courage, and never asking for help, Cyrano, even at the edge of existence, does not ask for any assistance from others to stay alive. Therefore, Cyrano is a great example of Aristotle's high minded man. Defined in the ?Webster?s II? dictionary, the word ?honor? means respect and reputation. Conseque...

Deloitte & Touche

Definition of Problem: The problem faced by Deloitte & Touche is how to best manage the merger with Andersen in order to move beyond being two merged organizations into a unified, market-leading organization. Deloitte must minimize the negative effects the change will have on the productivity of the organization and they must have a focus on minimizing the effects on current clients. It is important for Deloitte to create one corporate culture and focus on creating a cohesive team out of a currently divided workforce if they want the new company to be successful. Deloitte must make the Andersen employees feel welcomed and valued by the company while ensuring that their current employees don't feel swept aside. Causes: Some causes of Deloitte's problems include: †¢ Employee fear of change – People naturally have a fear of change. Deloitte's people will naturally feel threatened by the influx of new, unfamiliar people to the organization, particularly as they are coming from an organization that was heralded as being the best in the industry. It is important for Deloitte to properly manage these fears. Difficulty of maintaining corporate culture – Any company that increases their workforce through a merger with a rival firm feels a threat to their corporate culture. It is important for firms to determine before a merger whether the corporate cultures fit together. Two firms cannot merge and adopt one culture, the resulting culture must be a blend of the two cultures. †¢ Inadequacies in communication – The merger w as completed very quickly (in less than 2 months) and as a result the merger was communicated very quickly to employees. HR is responsible for communicating current policies to new and old employees. There has been very little upward communication until the Pulse Surveys and Deloitte employees are feeling like they are being lost in the shuffle. †¢ Lack of team building – The four phases of team building are forming, norming, storming, performing. All teams will go through this cycle in one way or another. Deloitte must recognize this and help the team through the forming, norming and storming phases in a way that will have the least negative impact on the company, so the team can get to the performing stage quickly. The consequences of failing to do this are that clients from Andersen will change to another firm and clients from Deloitte may feel neglected and will leave the firm for that reason. †¢ Fears of past business practices – Andersen was involved in the Enron scandal and as a result, individuals from the US branch were criminally indicted. The Andersen brand was destroyed and Deloitte management have a fear that the fallout may affect Deloitte since the Andersen professionals are now members of the Deloitte organization. It is important for the new Deloitte to clearly distance themselves from the Enron scandal and the fallout from that scandal. Strategic Issues 1. Hasty Integration – Deloitte people feel, through the pulse survey, that management is in a haste to integrate and is forgetting about their own people 2. Tension – Deloitte Touche is not sure how to manage tensions that might arise between the two cultures while integrating. 3. No defined direction – There is no defined direction that the integration management is attempting to incorporate the two very different cultures. Developed Alternatives Gathering feedback on a more personal level – Instead of using the pulse survey to gather feedback, Deloitte could possibly do something on a more personal level. The employees need to have a clear sense of where they fall in the big picture and where they are heading. This allows them to feel they are apart of the great change and consequently will devote themselves wholeheartedly. Examples can include asking lower level managers to have brief meetings with a group of employees voicing concerns and questions. Lower level managers can take notes and submit them to the integration team. Once the team has determined that creating happy employees is important on a personal level thus helping them to overcome the fear of change, and they have formulated the vision for the merging they can develop specific systems that will support, empower and inspire the employees and ensure they are willing to support the change to the best of their ability Mentorship – Mentoring is a valuable option for positively influencing the employees’ commitment because it sends a message that Deloitte & Touche is interested in career growth and development of their employees; these employees can make valuable contributions and facilitate a smooth integration. Assigning a mentor to counsel/tutor employees about the need for change, the change process, ways of adapting or adjusting to the change will help them get a better understanding of the reasons for the integration and allow them to have a more vested interest in the success of the organization. Forcing employees to quickly accept the new emerging culture immediately definitely won’t deter the tensions. This transition must take place at a slow process so employees do not feel pushed and overwhelmed into accepting the new practices and rules. It will be difficult to transform their fears and attitude in favor of the intended change until the underlying motives are understood. Seminars and Workshops – These seminars and workshops  will be for both management and employees; management first, to accumulate the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities for leading the change process. These  skills and techniques will be used to guide employees to quickly adapt to the change. This will allow  the entire organization  to adjust faster and become more flexible. Instead of using an integration team, a certain set of managers can be the head of definite departments, groups, locations, and divisions. These managers must act more like coaches and will express the benefits and rewards of merging the two companies. Consequently, a review will then be conducted to get feedback on how the whole integration process is going. Assuming there is a positive feedback, management will slowly incorporate both cultures into one, while not rushing the process or ignoring what employees concerns are. Evaluate Alternative The alternative that would be the best fit Deloitte & Touche is to have a mentor to solve the current situation. Mentor is better than other two alternatives simply because mentoring is kind of a personal enhancement strategy through which employees facilitates the development of another by sharing known resources, expertise, culture, values and skills. By paring up with Andersen employees, mentor can develop employees while helping them make a greater contribution to the new organization, and help them to become more productive in his or her current position. Deloitte & Touche not only can increase employee’s morale, but also can increase organizational productivity and build up employee’s skill and knowledge while attaining goals for career development. Mentoring is about the qualitative and subjective of employees’ job which dealing with frustration, handing conflict, and behaving with humility. Mentoring can involve an exchange of knowledge and information that can be evaluative nature to assess the assimilation of the new employee in his or her new role. It can help the new employee quickly come up to speed and shorter the learning curve as a contributor within the organization. It is important to make sure employees do not feel to be pushed and forced. Employee’s understanding of motives is the fundamental requirement to have a successful organizational merger. Implementation Phase one Deloitte has to develop a mentorship team and mentorship program for new and old Deloitte employees. A mentorship team will need time to conduct research and develop new practices. This team should be formed and trained and be ready to mentor within six months. Phase two Deliotte must allocate the necessary resources to the mentorship team and program. These resources include not only financial but personnel as well. This will be done right away. Phase three Within the first year Deloitte has to develop a new corporate culture that integrates the best practices and policies from both Anderson and Deliotte. The Mentorship team has to have a concrete culture to implement in order to be successful. Phase four Deloitte must implement a proper evaluation plan to determine if the mentorship program is working. The team can take surveys and other types of qualitative measures to determine how well the mentorship is working. The evaluation can begin after the first year and continue until the end of the program.